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The pong of poverty: George Orwell on the problem of olfactory classism

Throughout his fiction and non-fiction, George Orwell incorporated references to olfaction to invoke strong reactions in his readers. For example, in Nineteen Eighty-Four the protagonist Winston describes “the pleasant smell of [Julia’s] hair”. Orwell emphasises the invasiveness and emotional force...

Navigation in skull base surgery

Advances in navigation and augmented reality are transforming skull base surgery, offering greater precision and safety alongside emerging robotic tools. Surgical robots have been used in various forms across several surgical specialties for over 20 years [1,2]. However, it is...