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Cancer genetics and signalling pathways in ENT – a review and discussion of how this can be applied to rare tumours
Introduction Cancer cases continue to increase worldwide, and head and neck cancer is a major global health issue, with an estimated global burden of over 630,000 new cases and over 350,000 deaths per year [1]. The term ‘head and neck...
Risk factors for loco regional recurrence for oral SCC
Over 250,000 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas are diagnosed annually worldwide with 128,000 registered deaths. The authors of this study are from a single institution in Germany and have conducted a retrospective audit of 517 patients with oral SCC...
Lymph node ratio is a significant predictor for loco-regional recurrence after neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid cancer
Lymph node metastases are common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), yet the impact of nodal metastases on survival remains unclear. Lymph node density (LND) is the ratio between the number of positive lymph nodes excised and the total number of...
T1 lip cancer and cervical lymph node metastases
The management of large lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (T2, T3, T4 tumours) or those with nodal disease is well established. However the management of T1N0 tumours is controversial due to the assumed low risk of occult lymph node metastases....
Are elective neck dissections needed during salvage laryngectomy?
There has recently been a move away from elective neck dissections in the setting of salvage laryngectomy. This has mainly resulted from an appreciation of the increase in morbidity, in particular pharyngocutaneous fistula formation, and an improvement in cross-sectional imaging...
Structures determining T4a, T4b
This paper for tertiary cancer centre in India attempted to determine whether patients with T4b oral cancers involving the 'masticator space' should be treated with survival intent comparable to T4a cancers. Over a 7-year period, 30 patients with T4b cancers...
Ultrasound-guided core biopsy of neck lumps as first-line investigative modality supersedes fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of neck lumps
Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USFNAC) when applied as initial investigation often proves non-diagnostic, the incidence being as high as 50% in a recent audit. In this study, the authors applied ultrasound-guided core biopsy (USCB) to neck lumps over 1cm...Minimum stimulus strategy for the diagnosis of BPPV
Explore the innovative minimum stimulus strategy (MSS) for diagnosing benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), enhancing accuracy while minimising patient discomfort. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder where canalolithiasis or cupulolithiasis causes sudden episodes of vertigo, triggered...
Is auditory frequency discrimination related to speech recognition in implantees?
Why do two identical implantees perform differently? This fundamental question has not yet been answered despite the extensive research in the field. The authors attempted to clarify the issue, or at least approach it, assessing the association between deficits in...
Gastro-oesophageal reflux and cricopharyngeal dysfunction – how do they link?
It has been hypothesised that cricopharyngeal muscle hypertrophy develops as a response to chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The cricopharyngeus muscle is an important component and contributor to the upper oesophageal sphincter that creates a barrier between the pharynx and oesophagus....
In the United States, do people with dysphagia have a higher chance of being dysphonic?
Dysphagia and dysphonia can co-occur due to their shared anatomy and physiology. Previous studies have considered this relationship and determined that certain conditions, such as cancer, laryngeal impairments or neurological disorders, may lead to problems with both swallowing and voice....
