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All about velopharyngeal dysfunction
The velopharynx functionally separates the oral from the nasal cavities. Inadequate or abnormal function of this muscular valve affects speech and swallow. Velopharyngeal dysfunction can be subdivided into insufficiency, incompetence and mislearning. This is a review paper and indeed a...
Submental island flap to reconstruct the lower lip
The lips are necessary for oral competence, cosmesis, speech and feeding. Non-melanoma cancers can affect the lips, and the lower lips are about 80% more likely to be affected. A large number of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Treatment...
Why do septoplasties fail?
If you are amongst the ones who wonder what keeps your patient blocked in spite of a reasonable septoplasty, it will be worth your time going through the chapter on nasal valve management. The concise table detailing the surgical techniques...
A modification of the crescentic flap for nasal skin reconstruction
Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most frequent skin tumours and in over 25% of cases affect the nose. Following excision, the reconstruction may be challenging. Reconstruction aims to preserve the anatomical units, nasal functions and also an aesthetic final outcome....
Cosmesis of the nose in cleft lip and palate
The cleft nose is one of the most challenging pathologies for rhinologists and facial plastic surgeons to address. The combination of architectural deformity (related to the extent of lip deformity) and scarring from previous surgery combine to cause the surgical...
Facial nerve grafting – what’s the wait?
An uninterrupted facial nerve after resection of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumour does not always translate into preserved facial animation. Fortunately there is a high probability spontaneous recovery may occur and hence patients are typically observed for 12 months postoperatively. However,...
Are elective facelifts a good idea after head and neck cancer radiotherapy?
The aim of this study was to assess the safety of elective cervicofacial rhytidectomy following radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). A greater proportion of HNSCC patients are infected with certain strains of the human papillomavirus, which...
Tongue tie – just a snip?
This article regarding ankyloglossia raises an eyebrow; surely it’s just a snip isn’t it? Seemingly not. The authors describe two types of tongue tie – the first being posterior, with the frenulum being short and tight, the second being anterior,...
3D printed temporal bones for drilling are here!
It was only a matter of time before the 3D printer was used to help us with simulated temporal bone (TB) drilling. This group printed three paediatric TB models and evaluated their quality. They were found to be of ‘high...
A new free flap for the head and neck?
Reconstruction of major defects in the head and neck is usually an area where maxillofacial or plastic surgery colleagues come to assist, with consideration of the size and function any repair has to fulfil. Whilst the radial forearm free flap...
Microvascular surgery - does size matter
Success rates for microvascular free tissue transfer performed for head and neck reconstruction are currently very high. As the recipient vessel diameter decreases, questions of reliability and ease of access are raised. This retrospective analysis looked at 89 flaps in...
