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Prolactinomas: when to operate
Prolactinomas are the most common functional pituitary adenomas, comprising 40% of all pituitary adenomas. There are consensus guidelines and several common management pathways. This article discusses the role of surgery for these patients. Following diagnosis, the goals of treatment are...The structure and function of DNA
DNA structure and replication Genetic information within multicellular organisms, including man, is stored in molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which reside within the chromosomes of each cell nucleus. A DNA molecule consists of two very long chains, or strands, of...Medical racism and the surgical ‘correction’ of the nose in Brazil
Anthropologist Professor Carmen Alvaro Jarrín has conducted extensive research into plastic surgery practice in Brazil. Here, she explains why social and cultural ideas about race may shape rhinoplasty objectives for patients and surgeons in the country. Health professionals worldwide are...Pioneering standards of aural care in the UK: vision and initiatives of the NACSG
Ear wax removal remains a controversial subject in the UK. How will a strategy group support reform in the sector? Background: elevating standards in aural care The National Aural Care Strategy Group (NACSG) was established to address the multifaceted challenges...
The BAYAD alar technique – visual landmark guided paradigm in alar base reduction
Alar base reduction can be a technically demanding component in rhinoplasty, especially within the ethnically diverse populations where rigid anthropometric norms may not apply. Mahmood introduces the Balanced Aesthetic Yielding of Alar Design (BAYAD) technique – a rulerless intraoperative visual...
Video-relay services for Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities
Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities experience many barriers when trying to communicate online or on the phone. Individuals encounter limitations communicating virtually with family members, booking crucial appointments and speaking to friends, to name a few. However, video relay service (VRS)...Smell and Taste Symposium 2023
Louis Luke, Clinical Research Fellow, James Paget University Hospital, Gorleston-on-Sea, Norfolk UK. Smell and taste disorders have become a growing problem since the COVID-19 pandemic and are often poorly understood by clinicians compared with other sensory disorders such as sight...‘Drop-in’ nasendoscopy – a decade of development to find head and neck cancer early
A decade of innovation in digital, remote endoscopy is paving the way for ‘drop-in’ nasendoscopy, improving early head and neck cancer diagnosis in high-risk communities. In May 2026, the University Hospitals North Midlands (UHNM) will inaugurate its newly established clinical...
Which technique is better for cholesteatoma surgery?
There continues to be debate over the benefits and limitations of different techniques for cholesteatoma surgery. This retrospective review of 132 cases over a 10 year period with primary cholesteatoma from Turkey tried to establish which technique [canal wall up...
