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Gastric inlet patch – an under-diagnosed cause of globus
A gastric inlet patch (GIP) is an island of heterotopic gastric mucosa found commonly in the proximal oesophagus just below the upper oesophageal sphincter. It is often underdiagnosed due to its location. Its importance and clinical relevance can be underestimated...IAOO 2025
Jason Fleming, Reader/Hon Consultant Head & Neck Surgeon, Liverpool Head and Neck CentreThis July, Liverpool became the beating heart of global oral oncology, welcoming almost 1200 delegates for the 10th World Congress of the International Academy of Oral Oncology (IAOO)....Patient-centred audiological rehabilitation: facilitating and hindering factors for implementation
Introduction Patient-centred care in the health sector is a worldwide concern [1, 2]. Patient-centred rehabilitation is characterised by availability, appropriateness, preference, and timelines [3]. A consensus report by the Institute of Medicine [4] defines a patient-centred approach as ‘providing care...
The rise of AI in the head and neck clinic
There has been a huge focus in recent months on the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in all aspects of modern life, and the head and neck clinic is no exception it appears. This paper builds on previous work to...
Preoperative risk factors: when do you need to refer to the haematologist?
It is essential that clinicians are able to identify and assess which patients are in the high risk category for bleeding during ENT surgery. A full history, including medications, herbal remedies taken, any other medical co-morbidities and family history of...
3D planning of soft-to-hard tissue ratios in orthognathic surgery
This multinational systematic review examined publications over a six-year period up to December 2023, focusing on orthognathic surgery. It follows an earlier review by the same group, which had reported low validity in the use of 3D software for soft-to-hard...
The BAYAD alar technique – visual landmark guided paradigm in alar base reduction
Alar base reduction can be a technically demanding component in rhinoplasty, especially within the ethnically diverse populations where rigid anthropometric norms may not apply. Mahmood introduces the Balanced Aesthetic Yielding of Alar Design (BAYAD) technique – a rulerless intraoperative visual...
Metrics to evaluate post-ACDF dysphagia
The authors performed a literature review to evaluate the current classification metrics for quantifying dysphagia after anterior spine surgery and, specifically, cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). They selected 19 articles after reviewing literature from 2005 to 2021. The result of...
Can laryngeal sensitivity testing predict aspiration and pneumonia in dysphagic patients?
The laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is characterised by brief vocal cord closure in response to laryngeal stimulation. It is important in swallowing physiology as it represents a mechanism for airway protection. The authors of this study examined whether the absence...
Grading dysphagia as a toxicity in treating head and neck cancer
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) is a system used by clinicians to grade the toxicity of oncology treatments in a standardised manner. Dysphagia is perhaps the most common long-term toxicity of head and neck cancer treatment. Currently, a...
Hearing preservation after Gamma knife in vestibular schwannomas
This retrospective study reports the outcomes of hearing preservation up to three years after Gamma knife radiosurgery for Gardner-Robertson Class I (SDS>70% and PTA <30dB) patients with vestibular schwannomas. The authors report that patients with no subjective or objective hearing...
